Conquest of Baghdad

Baghdad Campaign, 1623-1639 At the beginning of the Ottoman-Iran War in 1624, the Sultan IV. It is the expedition organized by Murat over Baghdad in 1638-39. The 4th Murad, who arrived in front of Baghdad 6 months later and took over the city on Friday, December 24, 1638 during the expedition with a large army on May 8, 1638, had the tombs of Imam-i Azam and Abdulkadir Geylani repaired after the conquest. The Ottoman Empire prevailed over the Safavid State during the 16th century in the series of wars that started with the Çaldıran War in 1514 and captured the territories of Eastern Anatolia and Northern Iraq first, then the Iraqi-i Arab (today's Iraq), and sometimes the Iraqi-i Persian lands, even 1578. - With the 90 Ottoman-Iran War, it reached the Caspian Sea by taking Luristan and the Caucasian countries. However, since the beginning of the 17th century, as a result of the reforms carried out by the Safavid State, the Iranian army's firepower increased, on the other hand, the Ottoman Empire's superiority began to deteriorate in favor of the Safavid State as a result of the Ottoman Empire's wars with Austria and the Celali Revolts. The Safavids who won the 1603-1618 Ottoman-Iran War; While Iraq-i Acem was taking back the lands of Luristan and the Caucasus, it now set its sights on the Iraqi Arab lands. This opportunity also appeared in 1623. Baghdad Guardian Bekir Subaşı, who was raised among the indigenous people of Baghdad, revolted in 1623. When he learned that the Ottoman government was going to take military action against him, he applied to the Safavid Shah Abbas I, declaring that he would be subject to this state on the condition that the Baghdad Governorship was given to him and asked for help. The Iranian army, which intervened in Baghdad, came to the front of the city and took the city on 11-12 January 1624 without encountering much resistance. While the first siege of the Ottomans under the command of Grand Vizier Hafız Ahmed Pasha in 1625-26 was unsuccessful, the second siege of Baghdad, which was executed by Grand Vizier Hüsrev Pasha in order to reclaim the city, failed. IV, strengthening his position in the Ottoman throne. Murat took the command of the army to conclude the Iranian wars that had been going on since 1623 and conquered Ahıska and Revan with the Revan Campaign in 1635. In 1638, he decided on an expedition at the head of his army to conquer Baghdad, which had been in the hands of the Iranians for 14 years.

THE SUCCESS OF THE OTTOMAN ARMY

IV, who departed from Üsküdar on May 8, 1638. The Ottoman army under the command of Murat followed the route Konya-Adana-Aleppo-Urfa-Diyarbakır-Siirt-Bitlis-Hakkari-Mosul-Kirkuk and reached Baghdad in 197 days. The castle was surrounded on the night of 15-16 November. The clashes for the castle were violent and Grand Vizier Tayyar Pasha died in a general attack (23 December 1638). Bektaşhan, the commander of the Safavid fortress, who had suffered heavy losses on the 40th day of the siege and gave up hope of resistance, sent an envoy to surrender by vire. Upon this, Bektaşhan was invited, the terms of delivery were discussed and he was also pardoned. It was decided that those who wanted from the Iranian army could stay in Baghdad, and those who did not would return to their homeland, and the Ottoman Army entered Baghdad on December 25, 1638. Some of the Iranian forces tried to resist at Narin Fort, but the resistance was easily broken. While the repair works started in the city immediately IV. Murat appointed Janissary Agate Hüseyin Bey, who showed great heroism in the war, as Baghdad Governor. This time, it was the last conflict of the 1623-1639 Ottoman-Persian War and the war was ended with the Kasr-ı Şirin Treaty, signed on 17 May 1639.